Propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a linear dispersive medium with. Thus, the peak of the pulse exits the cell before it even enters. Guided waves in this section we examine the propagation of monochromatic light in stepindex fibers using electromagnetic theory. Magnetooptical devices for optical integrated circuits. Propagation of an optical pulse of several femtoseconds duration through a. This should include, the wiley titles, and the specific portion of the content you wish to reuse e. Current interest in these areas is driven by the growth in wireless and fiberoptic communications, information technology, and materials science. For intense electromagnetic fields any dielectric medium behaves like a. Electromagnetic waves, sergei alexander schelkunoff, 1943, electric waves, 530 pages scattering, absorption, and emission of light by small particles, michael i. Oughstun in two volumes, this book presents a detailed, systematic treatment of electromagnetics with application to the propagation of transient electromagnetic fields including ultrawideband signals and ultrashort pulses in dispersive absorptive media. On the propagation of electromagnetic pulses with low.
The corresponding mode equations are helmholtz equations with variable. Ultrashort optical pulse propagation in a dispersive medium. The numerical method combines a split step beam propagation method with the cranknicholson method. Material characteristics of fiberslosses the basic material used in the manufacture of optical. Emp can also be produced from nonnuclear sources, such as electromagnetic bombs, or ebombs. Electromagnetic degrees of freedom of an optical system.
A set of coupledmode equations is derived to describe mode propagation in uniform and slightly nonuniform cylindrical optical fiber systems. Atmospheric variables that affect em propagation include temperature, moisture, pressure, and composition. Propagation of a gaussian electromagnetic pulse and laser acceleration relatore. The light source is a distributed feedback diode laser eagleyard, which can access the f1 and f2 resonances of the d. Pulse propagation in dispersive media daniel sj oberg department of electrical and information technology september 25, 2012. Only time points at local maxima have nonzero values, and their value is the distance to the following local minimum. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields such as those used in ultrawideband radar and communications systems as well as in ultrashort pulsed optics through causal, locally linear media which exhibit both temporal. Rajna et al 3d multiresolution optical flow analysis of cardiovascular pulse propagation 3 fig. Pulse propagation in dispersive media daniel sj oberg department of electrical and information technology september 20, 2011. Also discussed are pulse propagation in dispersive media, group and front. Osa propagation of electromagnetic waves through non. Starting from the simplest case of plane wave propagation in homogeneous media, the author introduces a new matrix method for studying the optical. Electro optical eo sensors operate in the visible and infrared ir portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The theory reveals a smallscale modulation of the spectrum and a change of the emp form during the time of passage of the current pulse through the emitter when the time. Electromagnetic optics optics is a branch of electromagnetism electromagnetic optics include both wave optics scalar approximation ray optics limit when. This sudden burst of electromagnetic radiation, from. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p this note covers the following topics. In optics, an ultrashort pulse of light is an electromagnetic pulse whose time duration is of the order of a picosecond 10. Pulse shaping electronics convert the analog optical rotation signal at twice the larmor frequency to a 20% duty factor pulse train at twice the larmor frequency. The coupling between fibers of an array made up of n identical fibers each at the vertex of a polygon and one at the center, which is not necessarily the same as its n neighbors, is determined. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2 springerlink. Optical pulse propagation with minimal approximations. United aircraft research laboratories, east hartford, connecticut, usa received 25 november 1968 a method for treating the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in an inhomogeneously broadenedmedium of two level systems is summarized.
Orfanidis this text provides a broad and applicationsoriented introduction to electromagnetic waves and antennas. In order to obtain an improved model for the propagation of light in an optical fiber, electromagnetic wave theory must be considered. The moving object is a halfplane, which is the simplest structure possessing an edge. Group velocity mismatch at ultrashort electromagnetic pulse. Pulse propagation in optical fibers using the moment method. Because electromagnetic pulses are described in quasiharmonic approximation 1, expression 3 can be reduced in a standard way in the approximation of slowly varying pulse envelopes. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation volume 2. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields such as those used in ultrawideband. Fast scanning of a pulsed terahertz signal using an. Lecture notes electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Propagation of a gaussian electromagnetic pulse and laser. Volume 2 covers temporal pulse dynamics in dispersive attenuative media, with asymptotic analysis at the forefront. Oughstun in two volumes, this book presents a detailed, systematic treatment of electromagnetics with application to the propagation of transient electromagnetic fields including ultrawideband signals and ultrashort pulses. Pdf chirped optical pulse propagation in saturating.
Electromagnetic wave propagation java tutorial olympus. A method of solving the diffraction problem for a linear monochromatic emitter with arbitrary electromagnetic pulse emp and arbitrary spaciotemporal dependence of the source is developed for a linear monochromatic emitter. Examples of this array are two fibers, three fibers in a row. Dec 23, 2010 the analytical gaussian electron pulse propagation model of michalik and sipe j. Transmission and attenuation of electromagnetic pulses the purpose of this experiment is to acquaint you with some of the principles involved in the manipulation of electrical pulses. Such a pulses origin may be a natural occurrence or manmade and can occur as a radiated, electric. The rigorous description of the signal velocity of a pulse in a dispersive material is presented in connection with the question of superluminal pulse propagation. Pdf electromagnetic waves and antennas by sophocles j. Em mode theory for optical propagation electromagnetic waves em wave theory must be considered in order to obtain an improved model for propagation of light in an optical fiber the basis for em wave propagation is provided by maxwells equations total internal reflection we know that inside a waveguide light is trapped due to total internal reflection. The propagation effect is also used in transformation optics 2, 3, which utilizes optical materials structured on a. The unit of energy, the joule, is the total energy wt delivered to an object when a force f of one newton. Electromagnetic pulse nuclear emp the starfish prime nuclear test from more than 800 miles away although nuclear emp was known since the earliest days of nuclear weapons testing, the magnitude of the effects of nuclear emp were not known until a 1962 test of a thermonuclear weapon in space called the starfish prime test. Introduction to electromagnetic and electrooptical propagation.
Heinz departments of electrical engineering and physics, columbia university, new york, new york 10027 received august 6, 1997 we report the application of electricfieldinduced optical secondharmonic generation as a new. Chapter 3 nonlinear pulse propagation there are many nonlinear pulse propagation problems worthwhile of being considered in detail, such as pulse propagation through a twolevel medium in the coherent regime, which leads to selfinduced transparency and solitons governed by the sinusgordonequation. Extended efforts have been made to imhowever, the extent and potentially prove theoretical models and to develop serious nature of emp effects were not associated computer codes for predicrealized for several years. Download pdf wave propagation and scattering free online. New approach to pulse propagation in nonlinear dispersive optical. A novel pulse measurement system by using laser triangulation. Taylor and amnon yariv, fellow, ieee invited paper aavmcrphenomena associated with the propagation and manipula tion of light in thinfh dielectric waveguides are presently the object of qdenble reseuch effort, directed towrat possiile appliations.
If a light pulse is propagated through a material with positive groupvelocity. For nuclear emp weapons, see nuclear electromagnetic pulse. An optical noncontacting technology, which is based on optical triangulation, is proposed in this study. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation kurt e. Highaltitude nuclear detonations and electromagnetic bombs can generate emp that. Transmission and attenuation of electromagnetic pulses.
Optical fibers are widely used in fiberoptic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data rates than other forms of communication. Laser triangulation is a wellknown method in thickness and contour measurement, and has been applied to many industrial fields 79. The classical theory of sommerfeld and brillouin of pulse propagation in a lorentz medium is reexamined. A theoretical model was developed for light pulses propagating in. Detection of freely propagating terahertz radiation by use of optical secondharmonic generation ajay nahata and tony f. Ultrawideband pulse propagation through a material whose dielectric permittivity may be characterized as a debye model with static levels of conductivity. Electromagnetic em radiation effects sciences securing our nation from the threat of hostile em radiation environments triggering a threat to our nations electricity grid, an electromagnetic pulse emp could cause catastrophic damage, resulting in longterm, national power outages. The basis for the study of electromagnetic wave propagation is. You will study reflections, measure the effects of termination resistances, and measure pulse propagation velocities for.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. For electromagnetic wave propagation, the simplest solution to eq. Analytic approximations that describe the correct saddlepoint behavior are derived and applied to obtain improved asymptotic expressions. Article pdf available in optics and spectroscopy 942. On the propagation of electromagnetic pulses with low attenuation rate in debye media reza sa. In the absence of free charge and current densities the maxwell equations are.
Spectral representations in temporally dispersive media kurt e. The relationship between both the mathematical and physical interpretation of classical electromagnetic field theory with the special theory of relativity is emphasized throughout the volume. We describe a fast measurement of a pulsed terahertz signal generated by a femtosecond laser and a photoconductive antenna using an oscillating optical delay line. Individual chapters are available below in pdf in 2up format. Download electromagnetic waves and antennas by sophocles j. The method to measure the amplitude of the retroreflector in the oscillating optical delay line is proposed and the displacement of the retroreflector is exactly calculated to acquire the optical delay time in the fast scan mode. Visible light is a commonly studied form of electromagnetic radiation, and exhibits oscillating electric and magnetic fields whose amplitudes and directions are represented by. Energyvelocity description of pulse propagation in absorbing. Electromagnetic mode theory for optical propagation. Any object that has a temperature above absolute zero emits or radiates em radiation. Buy electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2. Characterization of freespace electromagnetic energy pulses 15 using a chirped optical probe beam is provided. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation springerlink.
The propagation of te and tmpolarized electromagnetic em waves through a dielectric layer with spatial variation of the refractive index is reported in this paper. Modeling of nonlinear ultrashort optical pulse propagation gregory. Electromagnetic waves can be generated by a variety of methods, such as a discharging spark or by an oscillating molecular dipole. In poll after poll, one of the threats facing our nation is the use of an electromagnetic pulse weapon to cause a grid down scenario. Chapter 5 scattering of pulse waves from a random distribution of particles 93 51 general formulation of pulse propagation and scattering in a timevarying random medium 93 52 twofrequency correlation function and correlation of the output pulse 96 53 coherence time and coherence bandwidth 97 54 scattering of a narrow band pulse 98.
Oct 19, 2012 the system consists of a 1064 nm subnanosecond laser source providing both a monochromatic pump and a polychromatic stokes optical beam used in a cars process, as well as the trigger beam for the optoelectronic switchingbased electrical pulse generator. Using a variational method, we have investigated the propagation characteristics of a chirped optical pulse in anomalously dispersive media possessing saturating nonlinearity. It is made an overview of pulse propagation in both the linear and nonlinear regime, exploring the effects of group velocity dispersion gvd and selfphase modulation spm as well as. Optical waves in layered media presents a clear picture of the propagation of optical waves in layered media and teaches the reader how to design and analyze optical devices using such media. An errata file updated october 19, 2019 is also available here. An electromagnetic pulse emp, also sometimes called a transient electromagnetic disturbance, is a short burst of electromagnetic energy. Us6414473b1 electroopticmagnetooptic measurement of. Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. Oughstun college of engineering and mathematical sciences, university of vermont, burlington, vt 054050156, usa abstract.
Another interesting effect of photonic crystals is that the group velocity of an electromagnetic pulse can be reduced considerably 92,93 when the pulse is predominantly composed of frequencies that lie close to the edge of the band gap 111. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. Detection of freely propagating terahertz radiation by use of. The ultrashort pulse measurement technique of frequencyresolved optical gating frog has been used to characterize the propagation of picosecond pulses at wavelengths around 1550 nm in a variety of different optical fibers used in communications applications. In the analysis we employ two frames of reference, the laboratory frame, in which the source. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields such as those used in ultrawideband radar and communications systems as well as in ultrashort pulsed optics through causal, locally linear media which exhibit both temporal dispersion and absorption. Read propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by modulated moving source in dispersive lossy media, mathematical methods in the applied sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Spectral representations in temporally dispersive media find, read and cite.
The instantaneous response optical response of the material is modeled by the dimensionless dyadics. It was also used to examine the vertical movements of the vocal folds during phonation. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. Coherent propagation of an optical pulse in a bragg.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersive and complex material with time. Calculations of linepulse distributionslpd with rest or moving source. University of groningen electromagnetic pulse propagation. This simulation program is made to calculate graphic plot for displaying the theory of electromagnetics by aberration and line pulse model for quantum theory described by matsubara. Electro optical systems use this emitted energy to form an image. To estimate the energy of optical pulse required for magnetization reversal, we assumed that rc is 500 ps, the efficiency of photon to spin conversion is 40 % and the critical current for the magnetization reversal is 5 ma kubota et al. A matlab movie of this example may be seen by running the file grvmovie1. Pdf simulation of pulse propagation in optical fibers. An electrooptic or magnetooptic crystal 14 is positioned such that the freespace radiation and chirped optical probe signal copropagate, preferably in a colinear common direction, through the crystal where a temporal waveform of the freespace radiation is linearly. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Introduction to electromagnetic and electrooptical. Pdf propagation of an ultimately short electromagnetic pulse in a. Pulse propagation in optical fibers arleth manuela goncalves.
The electromagnetic disturbance that results is propagated with the electronic e and magnetic b vectors vibrating perpendicularly to each other and also to the direction of propagation z. We show by numerical techniques that brillouins approximations for the saddlepoint locations break down in certain spacetime regions. Electromagnetic waves and antennas rutgers university. Characterizing pulse propagation in optical fibers around. Optical activity optical rotation optical activity a substance is optically active if it rotates the plane of polarized light. The relative permittivity of the layer is assumed to be graded along the thickness direction, and its spatial variation is described by a quartic polynomial. Temporal pulse dynamics in dispersive, attenuative media springer series in optical sciences on. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics. An optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent fiber that acts as a waveguide, or light pipe, to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. Chapter 3 nonlinear pulse propagation mit opencourseware. It has recently been shown that optical pulses propagating in whispering gallery modes can be treated analogously to pulses in a fiber optic waveguide.
Ultrashort optical pulse propagation in a dispersive medium osa. Sensitive optical atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear. The evolution of an electromagnetic pulse propagating through a linear. In order for a substance to exhibit optical activity, it must be chiral and one enantiomer must be present in excess of the other. Journal of electromagnetic waves and applications this journal covers all aspects of electromagnetic wave theory and its various applications. This lesson describes the properties of electromagnetic and electro optical radiation and how their propagation is affected by the atmosphere and weather. Electromagnetic pulse change by large angle diffraction.
Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by modelocked oscillators. In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its. Oughstun and others published electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 1. Manual for electromagnetics by aberration and linepulse. Under certain conditions, ultrashort pulse dynamics in a linear dispersive medium with absorption result in the appearance of optical. Plane electromagnetic waves and wave p ropagation 7. Optical pulse propagation in an inhomogeneously broadened medium. Spectral representations in temporally dispersive media. It is possible to design a lefthanded material in which an optical wave at a negative refraction frequency propagates with a phase velocity.
Vacuum polarization and photon propagation in an electromagnetic plane wave akihiro yatabe1, and shoichi yamada1 1advanced research institute for science and engineering, waseda university, 341, okubo, shinjuku, tokyo 1698555, japan email. To effectively use these propagation modes to their fullest, however, we must understand the physics behind the magic. The description is similar to the groupvelocity description known for planewave pulses propagating through. Each spectral component of pulse, while traveling along the fiber, has a. A typical value of k0 for a standard single mode optical fiber at. These variables control processes including refraction, absorption, and scattering.
The second edition contains new material on the effects of spatial dispersion on precursor formation, and pulse transmission into a dispersive half space and into multilayered media. In this section, we model a plane wave impinging on an airwater interface assuming the depth of water is infinite. Let one consider an optical pulse with a finite spectral width to be launched into thefiber. Lithium niobate linbo waveguides for electromagnetic. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2 request pdf. The analysis based on the sampling theorem presents. The entire book is freely available in pdf 2up format, and in pdf 1up format. Electromagnetic pulse propagation in causal dielectrics springer, 1994.
Optical pulse propagation via whispering gallery modes in. Electromagnetics and applications mit opencourseware. The resultant ability to simulate efficiently the effect of electron optical elements e. Sarris, member, ieee, and mohammad mojahedi, member, ieee abstractin a dispersive medium, the appearance of the steadystate part of the signal is preceded by oscillations known as precursors. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation volume 1. Thousands of hams and commercial operators use the ionosphere every day to make contacts over vast distances. Osa propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a linear. The observed superluminal light pulse propagation is not. Volume 28a, number 8 physics letters 27 january 1969 optical pulse propagation in an inhomogeneously broadened medium g. Oughstun and others published electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2 find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Electromagnetic pulse prepping for tomorrow book 1. We have developed and implemented a numerical technique for the propagation of the electromagnetic field in a fivelevel reverse saturable absorber medium, which includes the nonlinear kerr effect and dispersion. Simulation of electromagnetic and optical wave propagation in, e.
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